Dog Age Calculator by Breed

Life expectancy

14–16 yrs

Adult weight

up to 6 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

51.1

Weighing no more than 6 pounds and standing 5 to 8 inches tall, the Chihuahua is the very definition of a toy breed, with a rounded "apple" head that AKC calls a breed hallmark. Chihuahuas typically live 14 to 16 years. As they get older, common concerns include heart problems such as mitral valve disease, eye disease, and loose kneecaps (patellar luxation). Coats can be long or short, and the two varieties are otherwise identical.

Watch for: Heart problems (patent ductus arteriosus, mitral valve disease) · Eye disease · Patellar luxation · Idiopathic epilepsy

Life expectancy

11–15 yrs

Adult weight

up to 7 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

52.2

Yorkshire Terriers pack full terrier attitude into a body of no more than 7 pounds and 7 to 8 inches, crowned by a long, silky coat of steel blue and tan. AKC lists their life expectancy at 11 to 15 years. Breeders screen for eye problems and luxating kneecaps, and AKC advises limiting how high a Yorkie jumps to protect those knees. Interestingly, the coat is more like human hair than animal fur.

Watch for: Eye anomalies · Patellar luxation

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

3–7 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

A Pomeranian is a 3- to 7-pound toy dog standing just 6 to 7 inches tall, with a big-dog demeanor and an abundant double coat. Poms usually live 12 to 16 years. Breeders screen for slipping kneecaps, collapsing trachea, hypothyroidism, and congestive heart failure, so those are worth discussing with your vet as your Pom ages. The coat comes in almost two dozen colors, though orange and red are seen most often.

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Collapsing trachea · Hypothyroidism · Congestive heart failure

Life expectancy

10–18 yrs

Adult weight

4–6 lb

Senior from

~12 yrs

Age 10 in human years

49.1

The Toy Poodle stands no more than 10 inches tall and weighs 4 to 6 pounds, yet shares the same build and proportions as its Miniature and Standard cousins. AKC gives the breed a wide life expectancy of 10 to 18 years. Luxating kneecaps and Legg-Calve-Perthes, a hip-joint problem, are more likely in Toys and Miniatures than in Standards, and eye disorders can also occur. Your vet can help you keep an eye on all three.

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Legg-Calve-Perthes disease · Eye disorders · Idiopathic epilepsy

Life expectancy

10–18 yrs

Adult weight

9–16 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Surprisingly solid for their size, Shih Tzu weigh 9 to 16 pounds and stand 9 to 10.5 inches tall. AKC lists a life expectancy of 10 to 18 years. Their large eyes need protecting, and breeders screen for cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, slipped kneecaps, and hip dysplasia. Because of their short faces and heavy coats, they don't tolerate heat well at any age. AKC notes the breed was developed to spend most of the day inside royal palaces.

Watch for: Eye problems (cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, corneal dryness) · Patellar luxation · Hip dysplasia · Heat intolerance (short face)

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

up to 7 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Under a floor-length, all-white silky coat, the Maltese is a compact toy dog weighing less than 7 pounds and standing 7 to 9 inches. Maltese typically live 12 to 15 years. Breeders screen for luxating kneecaps and heart defects, and AKC stresses that dental care matters in toy breeds, recommending daily brushing plus routine cleanings at the vet. Despite their delicate look, AKC describes them as game little athletes on the agility course.

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Heart anomalies (patent ductus arteriosus) · Dental disease · Encephalitis (GME)

Life expectancy

14–16 yrs

Adult weight

5–10 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

51.1

Papillons are dainty toy dogs of 5 to 10 pounds and 8 to 11 inches, named for their large, wing-shaped ears (papillon is French for butterfly). Some have drop ears instead and are called the Phalene type. With a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years, many Paps spend a long stretch as seniors. Common concerns include slipping kneecaps, eye disease, and heart disease, so regular checkups are worthwhile.

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Eye disease · Cardiac disease

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

13–18 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

54.6

A toy spaniel of 13 to 18 pounds and 12 to 13 inches, the Cavalier is known for its large, round eyes and gentle expression. AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years. Mitral valve heart disease is a well-known concern in the breed, and AKC says any heart murmur warrants further investigation. Syringomyelia, a neurological condition, and eye problems such as cataracts also occur. The silky coat comes in four distinct color varieties.

Watch for: Mitral valve heart disease · Syringomyelia · Eye conditions (retinal problems, cataracts) · Patellar luxation

Life expectancy

14–16 yrs

Adult weight

7–13 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

52.2

Small but sturdy, the Havanese weighs 7 to 13 pounds, stands 8.5 to 11.5 inches, and carries a curled-over tail and a silky coat. AKC describes the breed as generally healthy and fairly long-lived, with a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years. Conditions the breed can be prone to include eye disorders, deafness, heart murmurs, and slipping kneecaps. Some owners cord the coat in the manner of a Puli; others clip it short.

Watch for: Eye disorders · Deafness · Heart murmurs · Patellar luxation

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

up to 14 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Pekingese are compact, stocky toy dogs weighing up to 14 pounds and standing 6 to 9 inches, with a famous lion's mane of long coat at the neck and shoulders. Their life expectancy is 12 to 14 years. As a short-faced breed, breathing can be a concern, and without a long muzzle their large eyes are easily injured. They prefer cool temperatures. AKC notes a distinctive, effortless rolling gait.

Watch for: Breathing difficulty (short-faced breed) · Eye injury · Heat sensitivity

Life expectancy

14–15 yrs

Adult weight

7–14 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Italian Greyhounds are slender sighthounds in miniature, weighing 7 to 14 pounds and standing 13 to 15 inches at the shoulder. AKC calls them generally long-lived, listing a life expectancy of 14 to 15 years. Breeders screen for progressive retinal atrophy, autoimmune problems, hypothyroidism, and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, and their long, fine-boned legs can break in a bad fall. With a short coat and little body fat, IGs need extra care in cold weather.

Watch for: Progressive retinal atrophy · Autoimmune problems and hypothyroidism · Legg-Calve-Perthes disease · Leg fractures

Life expectancy

13–18 yrs

Adult weight

8–12 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

51.1

The Chinese Crested comes in two varieties: the hairless, with tufts on the head, tail, and ankles, and the coated powderpuff. Both weigh 8 to 12 pounds and stand 11 to 13 inches. Life expectancy runs 13 to 18 years. Inherited eye problems, including progressive retinal atrophy, glaucoma, and lens luxation, are known in the breed, along with slipping kneecaps. Hairless Cresteds can also sunburn, so shade or protection outdoors helps.

Watch for: Progressive retinal atrophy · Glaucoma · Primary lens luxation · Patellar luxation

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

8–10 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Min Pins are sturdy, compact toy dogs of 8 to 10 pounds, standing 10 to 12.5 inches, with a self-possessed big-dog personality. They typically live 12 to 16 years. Breeders test for slipping kneecaps, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, cervical disc problems, epilepsy, thyroid issues, heart defects, and eye problems, and AKC recommends frequent tooth brushing. The breed is known for its high-stepping hackney gait, like a trotting hackney horse.

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Legg-Calve-Perthes disease · Cervical disc disease · Eye problems and heart defects

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

8–10 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

54.6

With big, almost human-looking eyes and a fringed beard, the Brussels Griffon is a sturdy toy dog of 8 to 10 pounds and 7 to 10 inches. Griffs usually live 12 to 15 years. Breeders screen for heart problems, cataracts, slipping kneecaps, and hip dysplasia, and like other flat-faced breeds they can have breathing trouble in hot or humid weather. Coats are either smooth, like a Pug's, or rough, like a Schnauzer's.

Watch for: Heart problems · Eye defects such as cataracts · Patellar luxation · Hip dysplasia

Life expectancy

14–15 yrs

Adult weight

12–18 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

52.2

The Bichon Frise is a cheerful companion of 12 to 18 pounds, standing 9.5 to 11.5 inches, with a plush, velvety white coat and large dark eyes. AKC lists a life expectancy of 14 to 15 years. The breed is known for early tooth loss and gum infections when dental care slips, and breeders also screen for cataracts, slipping kneecaps, allergies, and bladder infections. AKC sums up its outlook: no strangers, just friends it hasn't met yet.

Watch for: Early tooth loss and gum infection · Cataracts and other eye diseases · Patellar luxation · Allergies and bladder infections

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

11–20 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Bred down from the Standard Schnauzer as a farm dog and ratter, the Miniature Schnauzer weighs 11 to 20 pounds and stands 12 to 14 inches. Life expectancy is 12 to 15 years. Conditions the breed can be prone to include cataracts, high blood fats (hyperlipidemia), pancreatitis, liver shunts, and urinary stones, so mention any changes in appetite or urination to your vet. The wiry coat comes in salt and pepper, black and silver, or solid black.

Watch for: Pancreatitis · Hyperlipidemia · Cataracts · Urinary stones

Life expectancy

13–15 yrs

Adult weight

13–17 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

51.1

The Jack Russell Terrier isn't recognized by AKC; its own club, the JRTCA, accepts dogs anywhere from 10 to 15 inches tall. Its closest AKC relative, the Parson Russell Terrier, weighs 13 to 17 pounds and lives 13 to 15 years. Breeders screen for slipping kneecaps, deafness, late-onset ataxia, and certain eye disorders. These are tough, quick terriers originally built to follow hounds on England's foxhunts and flush foxes from their dens.

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Congenital deafness · Late onset ataxia · Eye disorders

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

up to 11 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Miniature Dachshunds weigh 11 pounds or less and stand just 5 to 6 inches, with the breed's unmistakable long back and short legs. AKC says Dachshunds can be expected to live 12 to 16 years with proper care. AKC advises keeping a Dachshund lean and watching its activities to avoid back injury, since extra weight puts that long spine at risk. They come in three coats: smooth, wirehaired, and longhaired.

Watch for: Back and disc injury · Obesity-related problems (diabetes, joint problems) · Ear infections

Life expectancy

13–15 yrs

Adult weight

15–20 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Westies are sturdy working terriers of 15 to 20 pounds, with males about 11 inches tall and females about 10. Their hard, all-white double coat and carrot-shaped tail give them a plush-toy look, but they were bred to hunt rats. Life expectancy is 13 to 15 years. Breeders screen for heart disease and slipping kneecaps, and AKC recommends frequent tooth brushing plus regular vet checkups throughout life.

Watch for: Cardiac disease · Patellar luxation · Dental disease

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

12–18 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Standing 10 to 11 inches (females slightly smaller) and weighing 12 to 18 pounds, the Lhasa Apso is a small but hardy Tibetan breed with a floor-length coat parted down the middle. Lhasas typically live 12 to 15 years. AKC calls hereditary kidney dysfunction the most serious health problem in the breed; dry eye, progressive retinal atrophy, cherry eye, and slipping kneecaps are also worth asking about. A feathery tail curls over the back.

Watch for: Hereditary kidney dysfunction · Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) · Progressive retinal atrophy · Slipping stifles (patellar luxation)

Life expectancy

12 yrs

Adult weight

18–22 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

The Scottie is a short-legged but substantial terrier about 10 inches tall, with males weighing 19 to 22 pounds and females 18 to 21. AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 years. Health issues noted for the breed include cancer, von Willebrand's disease (a bleeding disorder), hypothyroidism, liver disease, and Scottie Cramp, so routine senior checkups are a good habit. The wiry coat can be black, wheaten, or brindle.

Watch for: Cancer (including bladder cancer) · Von Willebrand's disease · Hypothyroidism · Liver disease

Life expectancy

13–15 yrs

Adult weight

13–14 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Cairn Terriers are small, shaggy, short-legged dogs, with males around 14 pounds and 10 inches tall and females around 13 pounds and 9.5 inches. AKC describes them as sturdy and generally healthy, with a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years. Common concerns include slipping kneecaps, eye disease, and heart disease. AKC calls the breed's unique look, a short, wide head on a strong, short-legged body, "Cairnishness."

Watch for: Patellar luxation · Eye disease · Cardiac disease

Life expectancy

15–19 yrs

Adult weight

8–15 lb

Senior from

~13 yrs

Age 10 in human years

47.5

Named for a white coat as soft as cotton (coton in French), the Coton de Tulear is a small companion dog: males weigh 9 to 15 pounds and females 8 to 13, standing 9 to 11 inches. AKC lists a life expectancy of 15 to 19 years. The breed has stayed fairly free of genetic problems, though eye problems, hip dysplasia, slipping kneecaps, and spinal disc disease do occur. Cotons are known for unique vocalizations.

Watch for: Eye problems · Hip dysplasia · Patellar luxation · Spinal disc disease

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

11–12 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

54.6

Norfolk Terriers stand 9 to 10 inches, weigh 11 to 12 pounds, and have a hard, wiry coat. AKC calls them among the smallest working terriers. Life expectancy is 12 to 16 years. Breeders test for heart and eye problems and slipping kneecaps, and AKC recommends frequent tooth brushing and regular vet visits. To tell a Norfolk from its cousin the Norwich, look at the ears: the Norfolk's fold over, the Norwich's stand up.

Watch for: Congenital heart disease · Eye disease · Patellar luxation

Life expectancy

13–15 yrs

Adult weight

14–18 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

The Pug's Latin motto, multum in parvo (a lot in a little), fits this small but muscular toy breed of 14 to 18 pounds and 10 to 13 inches. AKC lists a life expectancy of 13 to 15 years. Their prominent eyes are vulnerable to corneal ulcers and dry eye, and like other flat-faced breeds Pugs can struggle to breathe in heat. They love food, so keeping them trim takes care.

Watch for: Eye problems (corneal ulcers, dry eye) · Breathing problems (flat face) · Pug dog encephalitis · Hip dysplasia

Life expectancy

11–13 yrs

Adult weight

12–25 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Dressed in a black, brindle, or seal "tuxedo" coat, the Boston Terrier is a compact dog of 12 to 25 pounds and 10 to 12 inches. AKC lists a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years. Their large, prominent eyes need daily checks, and breeders screen for cataracts, corneal ulcers, glaucoma, deafness, and slipping kneecaps. As a flat-faced breed, Bostons can have trouble breathing in heat and humidity.

Watch for: Eye problems (cataracts, corneal ulcers, glaucoma) · Deafness · Patellar luxation · Breathing difficulty in heat (flat face)

Life expectancy

10–18 yrs

Adult weight

10–15 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Elegant and athletic under its curly coat, the Miniature Poodle stands 10 to 15 inches tall and weighs 10 to 15 pounds. The AKC gives the breed a life expectancy of 10 to 18 years. Luxating kneecaps and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are more likely in Toy and Miniature Poodles than in Standards, and all varieties can develop cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, epilepsy, and thyroid or adrenal disorders. The traditional Poodle clip began as a practical way to protect joints and vital organs in cold water.

Watch for: Luxating patellas and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (more likely in Toy and Miniature Poodles than Standards) · Eye disorders including progressive retinal atrophy and cataracts · Idiopathic epilepsy · Immune-mediated disorders, including thyroid and adrenal disorders

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

up to 28 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Bat ears and a half-flat, half-domed skull are the French Bulldog's trademarks, packed into a sturdy companion that stands 11 to 13 inches tall and weighs under 28 pounds. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Because the breed is flat-faced, breathing trouble and heat sensitivity follow Frenchies through life, and anesthesia carries extra risk. Owners of older Frenchies also watch for back problems from disc disease, so talk to your vet about any stiffness or reluctance to move.

Watch for: Breathing problems and heat intolerance typical of flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds; higher anesthesia risk · Intervertebral disc disease (premature disc degeneration, herniation) · Eye conditions such as cherry eye, juvenile cataracts, and entropion · Skin allergies and autoimmune skin disorders

Life expectancy

10–15 yrs

Adult weight

up to 30 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Curious, friendly, and merry, the Beagle comes in two AKC varieties: dogs 13 inches and under, which weigh under 20 pounds, and dogs 13 to 15 inches, which weigh 20 to 30 pounds. Life expectancy runs 10 to 15 years. As Beagles age, common concerns include hypothyroidism, hip dysplasia, epilepsy, and eye disorders, so regular checkups help catch changes early. A bit of White House history: President Lyndon B. Johnson owned three Beagles, named Him, Her, and Edgar.

Watch for: Hypothyroidism · Hip dysplasia · Epilepsy · Eye disorders and luxating patella

Life expectancy

10–14 yrs

Adult weight

20–30 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Known as the smallest member of the sporting-dog family, the Cocker Spaniel stands about 13.5 to 15.5 inches tall, with males weighing 25 to 30 pounds and females 20 to 25. The AKC gives a life expectancy of 10 to 14 years and notes the breed has good longevity. Common concerns over a Cocker's lifetime include hip dysplasia and eye disease. Those long ears also need regular cleaning to help prevent infections, a habit worth keeping up through the senior years.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye disease · Ear infections (ear canals need regular cleaning) · Patellar problems (parent club health testing includes patellas)

Life expectancy

12–13 yrs

Adult weight

up to 30 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

A sturdy, low-set herder, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi stands 10 to 12 inches tall, with males up to 30 pounds and females up to 28. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 13 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, eye disorders, heart issues, and degenerative myelopathy, which causes progressive paralysis, so mobility changes in an older Corgi are worth raising with your vet. Though it is the younger of the two Corgi breeds, the Pembroke traces its origin to 1107 AD.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Degenerative myelopathy · Eye disorders · Cardiac issues and von Willebrand's disease (a bleeding disorder)

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

25–38 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is the older of the two Corgi breeds and, unlike the Pembroke, has a tail. Cardigans stand 10.5 to 12.5 inches tall; males weigh 30 to 38 pounds and females 25 to 34. Life expectancy is 12 to 15 years. The AKC notes hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy in the breed, while degenerative myelopathy seems to affect only very old Cardigans. Like any long, low dog, a Cardigan should be kept from jumping off furniture to protect its back.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia (can cause arthritis and pain) · Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which causes blindness · Degenerative myelopathy, which seems to affect only very old Cardigans · Back problems common to long, low dogs

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

15–25 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

From Scotland's remote Shetland Islands comes the Shetland Sheepdog, a quick, obedient herder that resembles its bigger cousin, the Collie. Shelties stand 13 to 16 inches tall and weigh 15 to 25 pounds, with a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years. Conditions breeders screen for include thyroid disease, hip dysplasia, eye diseases, epilepsy, and gallbladder mucoceles, all worth keeping in mind as a Sheltie grows older. The AKC calls the breed one of the most successful in obedience.

Watch for: Thyroid disease · Hip dysplasia · Eye diseases · Gallbladder mucoceles and epilepsy

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

16–32 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

54.6

Bred in Germany more than 300 years ago to hunt badgers, the Dachshund comes in two sizes; standards stand 8 to 9 inches tall and weigh 16 to 32 pounds. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years. That long back is the breed's weak spot, and keeping a Dachshund lean and avoiding back injury helps protect against disc damage. Extra weight also raises the risk of diabetes and joint problems, so senior Doxies benefit from regular weight checks with your vet.

Watch for: Disc damage and back injury along the long spine · Obesity-related problems such as diabetes and joint problems · Ear infections (drop ears) · Eye and heart problems (parent club tests include ophthalmologist and cardiac exams)

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

30–40 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Named for the French province where it originated, the Brittany is an agile, versatile gundog standing 17.5 to 20.5 inches tall and weighing 30 to 40 pounds. Its life expectancy is 12 to 14 years, and the AKC calls it a very healthy breed with few genetic health issues. Hip dysplasia and eye disease are the main conditions breeders screen for, and regular ear checks remain part of routine care. From 1934 to 1982, the AKC registered the breed as the Spaniel, Brittany.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye disease · Ear wax buildup and foreign matter (ears should be checked regularly)

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

40–50 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

The English Springer Spaniel is a sturdy sporting dog: the AKC lists males at about 20 inches and 50 pounds, and females at 19 inches and 40 pounds. Life expectancy is 12 to 14 years. Common concerns include hip and elbow dysplasia and eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy, and a Springer's ears should be checked regularly for signs of infection. England's Kennel Club recognized the breed as distinct from English Cockers in 1902.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Eye conditions, including progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) · Ear infections

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

40–70 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Stocky and muscular, the American Staffordshire Terrier stands 17 to 19 inches tall; males weigh 55 to 70 pounds and females 40 to 55. The AKC gives a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years. Breeders screen for hip dysplasia, heart disease, and skin and coat allergies, and a DNA test exists for cerebellar ataxia, an inherited loss of coordination that first appears between ages 3 and 5. The AKC accepted the breed in 1936, under the name Staffordshire Terrier.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Cardiac disease · Skin and coat allergies · Cerebellar ataxia, an inherited progressive loss of coordination that first appears between ages 3 and 5

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

25–40 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

54.6

Capable of reaching 35 mph, the Whippet looks like a smaller Greyhound, standing 18 to 22 inches tall and weighing 25 to 40 pounds. Life expectancy is 12 to 15 years. The AKC stresses that a Whippet's frame is not built to carry extra weight, and lifelong portion control helps avoid painful orthopedic problems. Breeders also screen for heart disease, deafness, and eye disorders, so talk to your vet about these as your Whippet gets older.

Watch for: Cardiac disease · Deafness · Eye disorders · Orthopedic problems linked to excess weight

Life expectancy

12–13 yrs

Adult weight

40–65 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

Heavy-boned on short, powerful legs, the Basset Hound weighs 40 to 65 pounds and brings big-dog strength in a low-slung frame. Life expectancy is 12 to 13 years. Health issues noted in the breed include glaucoma, hypothyroidism, hip and elbow dysplasia, and bleeding disorders, and those long, droopy ears need frequent checks for infection. Its scenting ability is famous: among dogs, only the Bloodhound's nose is said to be more accurate.

Watch for: Glaucoma · Hypothyroidism · Hip and elbow dysplasia, and luxating patella · Bleeding disorders (thrombopathia, von Willebrand's disease) and ear infections

Life expectancy

12–16 yrs

Adult weight

35–50 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

53.3

Also called the Blue, Red, or Queensland Heeler, the Australian Cattle Dog is a compact, hard-muscled herder standing 17 to 20 inches tall and weighing 35 to 50 pounds. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, inherited deafness, and progressive retinal atrophy, which causes vision loss, so changes in an older ACD's sight or hearing are worth a vet visit. Puppies are born with white coats that later turn blue-gray or red.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which causes vision loss, and other inherited eye diseases · Inherited deafness

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

30–55 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

54.6

Border Collies stand 18 to 22 inches tall and weigh 30 to 55 pounds, with a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years. The AKC calls them a very hardy and healthy breed, though breeders screen for hip dysplasia, epilepsy, deafness, collie eye anomaly, and inherited conditions such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Hip or vision changes in an older Border Collie are worth discussing with your vet. The word collie itself is a Scottish dialect term for sheepdogs.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Epilepsy · Collie eye anomaly · Deafness

Life expectancy

8–10 yrs

Adult weight

40–50 lb

Senior from

~6 yrs

Age 10 in human years

78.2

Thick-set and low-slung, the Bulldog stands 14 to 15 inches tall, with males around 50 pounds and females around 40. Its AKC life expectancy is 8 to 10 years. The short, pushed-in nose often brings breathing difficulties from an elongated soft palate, and Bulldogs overheat easily, so hot days call for shade, water, and supervision. Cherry eye and skin-fold infections are other common concerns. The name traces back to bullbaiting, a sport that is now illegal.

Watch for: Breathing difficulties from an elongated soft palate (brachycephalic build) · Overheating · Cherry eye · Skin infections in the skin folds

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

24–38 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Rock-solid and muscular, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier stands only 14 to 16 inches tall; males weigh 28 to 38 pounds and females 24 to 34. Life expectancy is 12 to 15 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation, and hereditary cataracts, and DNA tests are available for cataracts and for L-2-HGA, a metabolic condition. Today's well-bred Staffords have a reputation for being patient with children. England's Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1935.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Patellar luxation · Hereditary cataracts and other eye anomalies · L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA), a metabolic condition

Life expectancy

12–13 yrs

Adult weight

20–40 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

The Miniature American Shepherd resembles a small Australian Shepherd: males stand 14 to 18 inches and females 13 to 17, weighing 20 to 40 pounds. Life expectancy is 12 to 13 years. The breed's parent club recommends hip and eye exams plus DNA tests for hereditary cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, and MDR1 drug sensitivity, so share your dog's results with your vet. Minis became popular with equestrians traveling to horse shows and have a noted affinity for horses.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia (parent club recommends hip evaluation) · Hereditary cataracts (HSF4) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA-prcd) · Multidrug sensitivity (MDR1 gene) · Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD)

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

30–40 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

An exuberant Irish farm dog, the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier stands 17 to 19 inches tall, with males at 35 to 40 pounds and females at 30 to 35. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years. Breeders screen for protein-losing nephropathy, a kidney ailment, protein-losing enteropathy, Addison's disease, and renal dysplasia, and the parent club's recommended tests include urinalysis and blood work. Its silky, gently waving coat recalls the color of ripening wheat.

Watch for: Protein-losing nephropathy (a kidney ailment) and renal dysplasia · Protein-losing enteropathy (gastrointestinal conditions) · Addison's disease

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

44–60 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Sleek and golden-rust, the Vizsla is a Hungarian gundog standing 21 to 24 inches tall; males weigh 55 to 60 pounds and females 44 to 55. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years. As with many breeds, cancers are a concern, and breeders also screen for hip dysplasia, epilepsy, eye disorders, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Vizslas bond tightly with their people and hate being left alone. By the end of World War I, the breed was all but extinct.

Watch for: Cancers · Hip dysplasia · Epilepsy · Autoimmune thyroiditis and eye disorders

Life expectancy

12–13 yrs

Adult weight

50–70 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

57.5

The Bull Terrier's hallmark is a long, egg-shaped head set on a muscular, big-boned body that stands 21 to 22 inches tall and weighs 50 to 70 pounds. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 13 years. Breeding dogs are tested for kidney and heart issues and puppies for hearing, so kidney and heart health are worth tracking with your vet as a Bull Terrier ages. Patellar luxation is another noted concern.

Watch for: Kidney disease (parent club recommends urine protein:creatinine testing) · Heart disease · Deafness · Patellar luxation

Life expectancy

11–13 yrs

Adult weight

55–80 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

57.5

Labrador Retrievers are sturdy, well-balanced sporting dogs, with males weighing 65 to 80 pounds and females 55 to 70. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, heart disorders, and eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy, and like other deep-chested dogs, Labs can develop bloat, so these are worth discussing with your vet as your Lab ages. The thick, tapering 'otter tail' works as a rudder when they swim.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Eye conditions including progressive retinal atrophy · Heart disorders · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus)

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

55–75 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

The Golden Retriever is a sturdy, muscular gundog from Scotland; males weigh 65 to 75 pounds and females 55 to 65. The AKC puts life expectancy at 10 to 12 years. Cancer weighs heavily on the breed: in the Golden Retriever Club of America's 1998 health survey, cancer accounted for about 61% of reported deaths. Breeders also screen for hip and elbow dysplasia and heart disease. The breed was developed on Lord Tweedmouth's Guisachan estate in the Scottish Highlands.

Watch for: Cancer (about 61% of deaths in a 1998 breed-club health survey) · Hip and elbow dysplasia · Eye conditions including juvenile cataracts, pigmentary uveitis and progressive retinal atrophy · Heart disease including subvalvular aortic stenosis

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

50–90 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

German Shepherd Dogs stand up to 26 inches at the shoulder, with males weighing 65 to 90 pounds and females 50 to 70. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years. In later years, owners watch for hip and elbow dysplasia and degenerative myelopathy, a disease of the spinal cord, and should know the signs of bloat. Though famous as police and service dogs, the breed was created in the late 1800s by Captain Max von Stephanitz to herd sheep.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Degenerative myelopathy · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus)

Life expectancy

10–18 yrs

Adult weight

40–70 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

The Standard Poodle stands over 15 inches at the shoulder, and the AKC lists males at 60 to 70 pounds and females at 40 to 50. Life expectancy is 10 to 18 years. Standards are more at risk than the smaller varieties for bloat and sebaceous adenitis, a skin condition, and hip dysplasia and eye disorders also occur. Despite its French reputation, the breed began as a duck-retrieving water dog in Germany, where 'pudelin' refers to splashing in water.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), a higher risk in Standards · Sebaceous adenitis · Hip dysplasia · Eye disorders

Life expectancy

9–10 yrs

Adult weight

80–135 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

70.9

Rottweilers are powerful working dogs: the AKC lists males at 95 to 135 pounds and females at 80 to 100, with a life expectancy of 9 to 10 years. Breeders test for hip dysplasia, eye diseases, and heart conditions, and cancer occurs in the breed, so talk to your vet about what to watch for as your Rottie ages. The name comes from the German cattle town of Rottweil, where the dogs drove herds to market as the 'Butcher's Dog.'

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye diseases · Heart conditions · Cancer

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

65–80 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Boxers are muscular, athletic working dogs; the AKC lists males at 65 to 80 pounds, with females about 15 pounds lighter, and a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Breeders screen for heart conditions such as aortic stenosis and cardiomyopathy, thyroid deficiency, degenerative myelopathy, and certain cancers. Boxers also tolerate extreme heat and cold poorly. Their name refers to the way they spar with their front paws when playing, like a prizefighter.

Watch for: Heart conditions such as aortic stenosis and cardiomyopathy · Degenerative myelopathy · Thyroid deficiency · Certain cancers

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

35–60 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

A medium-sized sled dog, the Siberian Husky weighs 45 to 60 pounds (males) or 35 to 50 pounds (females) and typically lives 12 to 14 years. The AKC describes the breed as relatively long-lived and often active into its senior years, with cancer and arthritis among the issues that can appear. Huskies keep a healthy weight on less food than other breeds their size. Siberians famously helped carry diphtheria serum to Nome, Alaska, in the 1925 serum run.

Watch for: Cancer · Arthritis · Hip dysplasia and eye disease (relatively low incidence per AKC)

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

60–100 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Dobermans are sleek, powerful working dogs; males weigh 75 to 100 pounds and females 60 to 90, with a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Dilated cardiomyopathy (an enlarged heart), von Willebrand's disease, hip dysplasia, and hypothyroidism are among the conditions breeders test for, and owners should learn the signs of bloat. The breed is named for Louis Dobermann, a German tax collector who wanted a dependable protector on his rounds.

Watch for: Dilated cardiomyopathy · Von Willebrand's disease (a clotting disorder) · Hip dysplasia and hypothyroidism · Bloat

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

40–65 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Australian Shepherds are medium-sized herders: males weigh 50 to 65 pounds and females 40 to 55, and the AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years. Breeders screen for hip dysplasia, epilepsy, cataracts, and certain forms of cancer, all worth keeping in mind as an Aussie gets older. Despite the name, the breed was perfected in the American West; California ranchers assumed the Basque shepherds' dogs came from Australia.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Epilepsy · Cataracts · Certain forms of cancer

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

45–70 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

German Shorthaired Pointers are athletic bird dogs; males weigh 55 to 70 pounds and females 45 to 60, with a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Hip dysplasia, eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy, and certain heart diseases can affect the breed, and owners should know the signs of bloat. Developed by German hunters in the 1800s, GSPs have webbed feet and are capable swimmers as well as pointers and retrievers.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy · Certain heart diseases · Bloat

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

70–85 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are fast, powerful hounds; the AKC lists males at 85 pounds and females at 70, with a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, thyroid function, and eye anomalies, so joint stiffness and thyroid changes are worth raising with your vet as the dog ages. The breed's trademark is the ridge along its back, and in southern Africa big-game hunters used these dogs to hold lions at bay.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Thyroid problems · Eye anomalies · Dermoid sinus (present at birth)

Life expectancy

14–16 yrs

Adult weight

40–80 lb

Senior from

~11 yrs

Age 10 in human years

51.1

The Belgian Malinois (MAL-in-wah) is a squarely built, well-muscled herder; males weigh 60 to 80 pounds and females 40 to 60. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 14 to 16 years. The breed is generally healthy, though breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia and certain eye problems. First bred around the Belgian city of Malines, Mals are now sought after as police and military K-9s and need plenty of exercise.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Elbow dysplasia · Certain eye problems

Life expectancy

10–13 yrs

Adult weight

55–90 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

Known for its silvery-gray coat, the Weimaraner weighs 70 to 90 pounds (males) or 55 to 75 pounds (females) and lives 10 to 13 years. The AKC calls gastric torsion, or bloat, the most serious health issue in the breed, so owners should learn the symptoms. Breeders also test hips, heart, eyes, and thyroid. The breed was developed in the early 1800s at the court of Grand Duke Karl August in Weimar, Germany.

Watch for: Gastric torsion (bloat), which the AKC names as the breed’s most serious health issue · Hip, heart, eye and thyroid conditions screened by breeders

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

50–75 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Collies are large but lithe herders; males weigh 60 to 75 pounds and females 50 to 65, and the AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years. Puppies should have an eye check for Collie eye anomaly, an inherited eye disease, and some Collies carry the MDR1 mutation, which causes sensitivity to certain drugs, worth telling any vet who treats your dog. Queen Victoria helped popularize the breed, and the 1940 novel 'Lassie Come-Home' made it famous.

Watch for: Collie eye anomaly (inherited eye disease) · MDR1 mutation (sensitivity to certain drugs) · Progressive retinal atrophy · Dermatomyositis

Life expectancy

11–13 yrs

Adult weight

45–70 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

Dalmatians are muscular, elegantly proportioned trotting dogs weighing 45 to 70 pounds and standing 19 to 24 inches tall, with a life expectancy of 11 to 13 years. Deafness occurs in the breed, and Dals can form kidney stones, so ask your vet what to feed. Bred as coach dogs to trot beside horse-drawn carriages, Dalmatians began their long association with firefighters in the 1800s, when horses pulled fire engines.

Watch for: Deafness (one or both ears) · Kidney/urinary stones

Life expectancy

10–13 yrs

Adult weight

55–80 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is a powerfully built gundog; males weigh 65 to 80 pounds and females 55 to 70, and the AKC lists a life expectancy of 10 to 13 years. Hip dysplasia is a concern, and breeders also use DNA tests for degenerative myelopathy and progressive retinal atrophy. The Chessie's wavy, oily double coat was bred for the frigid Chesapeake Bay; it repels water much the way a duck's feathers do.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Degenerative myelopathy (DNA-tested) · Progressive retinal atrophy (DNA-tested) · Exercise-induced collapse (DNA-tested)

Life expectancy

11–14 yrs

Adult weight

50–70 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

The Airedale Terrier is the largest of all terrier breeds, with males standing about 23 inches at the shoulder and weighing 50 to 70 pounds. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 11 to 14 years. Airedales are generally healthy, but breeders screen for hip dysplasia and also run cardiac, eye, and kidney screenings. Developed by mill workers in England's Aire Valley in the mid-1800s, Airedales served as messengers and sentries in World War I.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Heart, eye and kidney disease screenings (CHIC)

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

60–100 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Under its profuse double coat, the Old English Sheepdog is a compact, muscular drover weighing 60 to 100 pounds, with a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Breeders screen for hip dysplasia, eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy and hereditary cataracts, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hereditary deafness. Despite the name, these dogs mainly drove cattle to market, and some shepherds sheared their coats once a year to make yarn.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye conditions (PRA and hereditary cataracts) · Autoimmune thyroiditis · Hereditary deafness

Life expectancy

9–12 yrs

Adult weight

Varies with height

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

68

The Cane Corso is a muscular Italian guardian standing 23.5 to 27.5 inches at the shoulder and often weighing more than 100 pounds; the AKC lists weight as proportionate to height. Life expectancy is 9 to 12 years. Breeders screen for hip dysplasia, idiopathic epilepsy, and eyelid abnormalities, and as a large, deep-chested breed the Corso is susceptible to bloat. Its ancestors were Roman war dogs, and by the mid-20th century the breed was nearly extinct.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Idiopathic epilepsy · Eyelid abnormalities · Bloat

Life expectancy

10–14 yrs

Adult weight

75–85 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Built to haul heavy freight, the Alaskan Malamute stands 23 to 25 inches tall and weighs about 75 (females) to 85 (males) pounds, with a life expectancy of 10 to 14 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, inherited polyneuropathy, and day blindness, among other conditions. The breed is named for the Mahlemiut people of northwestern Alaska. As the AKC puts it, Huskies are racers; Malamutes are freighters.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Hypothyroidism · Inherited polyneuropathy · Day blindness

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

80–110 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

68

Bloodhounds are large, substantial scent hounds; males weigh 90 to 110 pounds and females 80 to 100, and the AKC lists a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Like other large, deep-chested dogs, they can develop bloat, and their drooping ears and skin wrinkles need daily checks for infection or irritation. Police departments have long relied on Bloodhounds to follow a person's scent, sometimes over hills and through swamps all day and night.

Watch for: Bloat · Ear infections (long, low-hanging ears) · Skin-fold irritation

Life expectancy

10–14 yrs

Adult weight

70–130 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Akitas are burly, heavy-boned spitz-type dogs; males weigh 100 to 130 pounds and females 70 to 100, with a life expectancy of 10 to 14 years. Bloat is a concern, and breeders test for hip dysplasia, eye disorders, and thyroid disorders, which are worth discussing with your vet as an Akita ages. The breed was developed in Japan's Akita prefecture, and Hachiko, a famously loyal Akita of the 1920s, remains one of Japan's most cherished symbols.

Watch for: Bloat · Hip dysplasia · Eye disorders · Thyroid disorders

Life expectancy

8–10 yrs

Adult weight

60–70 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

68

The Flat-Coated Retriever stands about as tall as a Labrador but looks leaner, weighing 60 to 70 pounds, and the AKC lists a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years. Breeders screen hips, eyes, and kneecaps, and the Flat-Coated Retriever Society of Canada names histiocytic cancers as the breed's main health concern, so talk to your vet about changes in an older Flat-Coat. The breed matures slowly, and some owners say their dogs never fully grow up.

Watch for: Histiocytic cancers, the breed’s main health concern · Hip, eye and kneecap (patella) conditions screened by breeders

Life expectancy

12–15 yrs

Adult weight

60–70 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Famous for its mahogany or chestnut coat, the Irish Setter stands about 25 to 27 inches tall and weighs around 60 (females) to 70 (males) pounds. The AKC lists a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years. Breeders screen for hip dysplasia and eye disorders, including a form of progressive retinal atrophy, and like other deep-chested breeds, Irish Setters can experience bloat. Jim Kjelgaard's 1945 novel 'Big Red' made one fictional Irish Setter a household name.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye disorders including progressive retinal atrophy (rcd1) · Bloat · Thyroid (screened by breeders)

Life expectancy

12 yrs

Adult weight

45–80 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

English Setters are elegant but solid bird dogs; males weigh 65 to 80 pounds and females 45 to 55, and the AKC lists a life expectancy of about 12 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia and deafness, and owners should know the signs of bloat. The word 'belton,' unique to the breed, describes its speckled coat, and English Setter history goes back some 400 years to English country estates.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Deafness · Bloat

Life expectancy

12–14 yrs

Adult weight

35–65 lb

Senior from

~10 yrs

Age 10 in human years

56

Samoyeds are powerful, agile working dogs from Siberia; males weigh 45 to 65 pounds and females 35 to 50, with a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years. Breeders test for hip dysplasia and eye and heart disorders, conditions worth raising with your vet as a Sammy gets older. Their thick white coat suits extreme cold, and the famous upturned 'Sammy smile' keeps drool from freezing into icicles on the face.

Watch for: Hip dysplasia · Eye disorders · Cardiac disorders

Life expectancy

8–12 yrs

Adult weight

45–70 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

The Chow Chow is a powerful, compactly built dog standing 17 to 20 inches and weighing 45 to 70 pounds, with a life expectancy of 8 to 12 years. Health issues can include eyelid entropion, hip and elbow dysplasia, allergies, and thyroid problems, which can be managed with veterinary care. Distinctive traits include a lion's-mane ruff and a blue-black tongue, and the breed is depicted in artifacts from China's Han Dynasty.

Watch for: Eyelid entropion · Hip and elbow dysplasia · Allergies · Thyroid problems

Life expectancy

7–10 yrs

Adult weight

110–175 lb

Senior from

~6 yrs

Age 10 in human years

78.2

Called the "Apollo of Dogs," the Great Dane stands up to 32 inches at the shoulder, with males weighing 140 to 175 pounds and females 110 to 140. Life expectancy is 7 to 10 years. Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) is the leading killer of the breed, so owners should learn its warning signs; eye and heart disease, hypothyroidism, and hip dysplasia can also appear. Despite the name, the breed is German, not Danish.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), which the AKC calls the number-one killer of Danes · Heart (cardiac) disease · Eye disease · Hypothyroidism/autoimmune thyroiditis and hip dysplasia

Life expectancy

8–10 yrs

Adult weight

120–180 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

74.3

The Saint Bernard is a massive, muscular Alpine breed: males weigh 140 to 180 pounds and females 120 to 140. Most live 8 to 10 years. Like other large, deep-chested dogs, Saints can develop bloat, and hip dysplasia and eye disease are also seen in the breed. They handle warm weather best with shade and plenty of water. And no, the rescue dogs of the Great St. Bernard Pass never carried brandy casks.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Hip dysplasia · Eye disease · Heat distress, especially with sudden moves from air conditioning into high heat

Life expectancy

7–10 yrs

Adult weight

70–115 lb

Senior from

~5 yrs

Age 10 in human years

94.4

Big, sturdy, and tricolored in black, white, and rust, the Bernese Mountain Dog weighs 80 to 115 pounds as a male and 70 to 95 as a female. Life expectancy is 7 to 10 years. Berners are predisposed to histiocytic sarcoma, an aggressive cancer, and hip and elbow dysplasia and bloat are also breed concerns. They were bred as all-purpose farm dogs in Switzerland's canton of Bern, where they drove cattle and pulled carts.

Watch for: Histiocytic sarcoma, an aggressive cancer to which Berners are predisposed · Hip and elbow dysplasia · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Blood disorders and progressive retinal atrophy

Life expectancy

6–8 yrs

Adult weight

105+ lb

Senior from

~5 yrs

Age 10 in human years

94.4

The Irish Wolfhound is the tallest of all AKC breeds, with males standing at least 32 inches and weighing a minimum of 120 pounds. Its life expectancy is 6 to 8 years. As Wolfhounds age, common concerns include heart disease, certain cancers, pneumonia, and bloat, and the AKC recommends a yearly checkup that includes an EKG. Once used to hunt wolves, today's Wolfhounds are known for being calm and gentle at home.

Watch for: Heart disease (AKC recommends an annual exam including an EKG) · Certain cancers · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Pneumonia and liver shunt

Life expectancy

9–10 yrs

Adult weight

100–150 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

70.9

Newfoundlands are heavy-boned working dogs: males weigh 130 to 150 pounds and females 100 to 120. Life expectancy is 9 to 10 years. Common concerns include hip and elbow dysplasia, heart disease, and cystinuria, a condition that can form stones in the urinary tract, so talk to your vet about what to watch for as your Newf ages. Born swimmers with partially webbed feet, Newfs are still used for water rescue around the world.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Cardiac (heart) disease · Cystinuria, which can cause urinary stones · Ear infections (drop ears)

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

85+ lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

Bred to guard sheep from wolves in the mountains between France and Spain, the Great Pyrenees is a thick-coated guardian; males weigh 100 pounds and up, females 85 pounds and up. Expect a life span of 10 to 12 years. The breed's parent club encourages testing for hip and elbow dysplasia, eye disorders, and neurological and immune-mediated conditions, and some cancers and bloat also occur. At home, most Pyrs are calm, watchful companions.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Some cancers · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Eye disorders, luxating patellas, and neurological and immune-mediated disorders

Life expectancy

6–10 yrs

Adult weight

120–230 lb

Senior from

~6 yrs

Age 10 in human years

82.7

A male Mastiff stands at least 30 inches tall and weighs 160 to 230 pounds; females weigh 120 to 170. Life expectancy is 6 to 10 years. Breeders screen for heart disease, cancer, hip dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, and other conditions, and bloat is a risk owners should learn to recognize. Many Mastiffs develop elbow hygromas, soft pads the AKC describes as harmless natural cushions from lying on hard floors.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Heart disease and cancer · Hip dysplasia and degenerative myelopathy · Eye anomalies, von Willebrand's disease, and epilepsy

Life expectancy

7–9 yrs

Adult weight

100–130 lb

Senior from

~6 yrs

Age 10 in human years

82.7

Created by crossing Mastiffs and Bulldogs, the Bullmastiff earned the nickname "The Gamekeeper's Night Dog" guarding English estates from poachers. Males weigh 110 to 130 pounds and females 100 to 120, and life expectancy is 7 to 9 years. Concerns in the breed include heart problems, hip and elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, cancer, and bloat. Talk to your vet about the signs of bloat, which is sudden and life-threatening.

Watch for: Cancer · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Cardiac issues · Hip and elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and eye problems

Life expectancy

7 yrs

Adult weight

90–170 lb

Senior from

~5 yrs

Age 10 in human years

94.4

Bred in 19th-century Leonberg, Germany, as a companion for European royalty, the Leonberger is a lush-coated giant; males weigh 110 to 170 pounds and females 90 to 140. The AKC lists a life expectancy of about 7 years. Bloat is a key concern, and an inherited nerve disease that weakens the hind legs and can change the bark or breathing has been identified in the breed. Males often carry a lion-like mane around the neck and chest.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Inherited polyneuropathy (LPN1), causing hind-limb weakness and laryngeal paralysis

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

70–150 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

The Tibetan Mastiff is an ancient Himalayan guardian with a dense coat; males weigh 90 to 150 pounds and females 70 to 120. Life expectancy is 10 to 12 years. The AKC describes it as relatively healthy, though breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and eyelid problems such as entropion and ectropion. Calm and devoted with family, TMs tend to be aloof and territorial with strangers.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Hypothyroidism · Eye anomalies including entropion and ectropion · Seizures (reported but not prevalent)

Life expectancy

5–8 yrs

Adult weight

99+ lb

Senior from

~5 yrs

Age 10 in human years

102.2

The Dogue de Bordeaux is a stocky, fawn-coated French mastiff; males weigh 110 pounds and up and females 99 pounds and up. Life expectancy is 5 to 8 years. Bloat is a serious concern, and heart disease, cancer, hip and elbow problems, and epilepsy also affect the breed. According to the AKC, the Dogue has, proportionately, the largest head in the canine kingdom.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus), a serious concern in the breed · Heart disease · Cancer · Orthopedic issues (hips and elbows) and epilepsy

Life expectancy

8–11 yrs

Adult weight

75–110 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

70.9

Tall and rough-coated, the Scottish Deerhound was bred to course wild red deer in the Highlands. Males stand 30 to 32 inches and weigh 85 to 110 pounds; females weigh 75 to 95. Life expectancy is 8 to 11 years, and the AKC notes that a significant share reach old age. Concerns include osteosarcoma, dilated cardiomyopathy, cystinuria, and bloat, along with surgery-related issues such as slow drug metabolism and delayed bleeding.

Watch for: Osteosarcoma (bone cancer) · Dilated cardiomyopathy · Bloat / gastric or splenic torsion · Cystinuria and surgery-related issues (Factor VII deficiency, slow drug metabolism, delayed bleeding)

Life expectancy

7–9 yrs

Adult weight

110–150 lb

Senior from

~6 yrs

Age 10 in human years

82.7

With its heavy, hanging wrinkles and folds, the Neapolitan Mastiff is hard to mistake. The AKC gives weights of about 150 pounds for males and 110 for females, and a life expectancy of 7 to 9 years. Cherry eye is a common minor issue, while bloat and hip dysplasia are bigger concerns shared with other giant breeds. The breed may date back as far as 700 B.C., and Mastinos served Rome as war dogs and guardians.

Watch for: Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Hip dysplasia · Cherry eye (common, usually without permanent damage)

Life expectancy

11–13 yrs

Adult weight

80–150 lb

Senior from

~9 yrs

Age 10 in human years

59.2

An ancient flock guardian from Turkey, the Anatolian Shepherd Dog is muscular yet nimble; males weigh 110 to 150 pounds and females 80 to 120. Life expectancy is 11 to 13 years, and the AKC describes the breed as generally healthy and hardy. Anatolians can be sensitive to anesthesia, breeders screen for entropion, and owners should still know the signs of bloat. Before World War II, the USDA imported a breeding pair for a sheepdog project.

Watch for: Sensitivity to anesthesia · Entropion (inverted eyelids) · Bloat (uncommon in the breed, but owners should know the signs)

Life expectancy

8–11 yrs

Adult weight

85–140 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

74.3

The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog is the oldest and largest of the Swiss mountain-dog breeds, with a striking black, red, and white coat. Males weigh 115 to 140 pounds and females 85 to 110, and life expectancy is 8 to 11 years. Splenic torsion occurs more often in Swissies than in other breeds, owners should know the signs of bloat, and epilepsy can occur. These dogs once hauled meat and dairy to market in dogcarts.

Watch for: Splenic torsion (more common in this breed than others) · Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus) · Epilepsy · Orthopedic issues and urinary incontinence (puppies and spayed females)

Life expectancy

9–11 yrs

Adult weight

150–200 lb

Senior from

~7 yrs

Age 10 in human years

68

Developed to protect remote South African homesteads from predators, the Boerboel is a muscular mastiff type weighing 150 to 200 pounds. Life expectancy is 9 to 11 years. The AKC calls it a typically healthy breed, with breeders screening for hip and elbow dysplasia, heart disease, and the eyelid conditions ectropion and entropion. Its name means "farmer's dog," and it's pronounced "BOR-bull."

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Heart disease · Eyelid disorders: ectropion and entropion

Life expectancy

10–12 yrs

Adult weight

80–130 lb

Senior from

~8 yrs

Age 10 in human years

63.1

The Black Russian Terrier was developed at the Soviet Red Star Kennel beginning in the 1930s, drawing on some 17 breeds, including Giant Schnauzers, Airedales, and Rottweilers. This heavy-boned, all-black guardian weighs 80 to 130 pounds and typically lives 10 to 12 years. Breeders screen for hip and elbow dysplasia, allergies, urinary stones, and progressive retinal atrophy, which can lead to blindness in older dogs.

Watch for: Hip and elbow dysplasia · Progressive retinal atrophy, which can cause vision loss and blindness · Urinary tract stones · Allergies